Brennan
Center for Justice
The
Voting Rights Act:
A Resource Page
August 17, 2014
The Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965 to ensure state and local
governments do not pass laws or policies that deny American citizens
the equal right to vote based on race.
As the leading democracy of the world, the U.S. should work to
keep voting free, fair, and accessible.
That’s why the Voting Rights Act is so important.
It makes sure
every citizen, regardless of their race, has an equal opportunity to
have a say and participate in our great democracy.
On June 25, 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court
overturned
a key provision of the Voting Rights Act, removing a critical
tool to combat racial discrimination in voting.
Under Section 5 of the landmark civil rights law, jurisdictions
with a history of discrimination must seek pre-approval of changes in
voting rules that could affect minorities.
This process, known as “preclearance,” blocks discrimination
before it occurs.
In
Shelby
County v. Holder, the Court invalidated Section 4—which
determines the states and localities covered by Section 5—arguing
that current conditions require a new coverage formula.
On January 16, 2014, Reps. John Conyers (D-Mich.) and James
Sensenbrenner (R-Wis.), with Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) and others,
introduced
a bill to strengthen the Voting Rights Act.
The bill would, among other changes:
Require jurisdictions with a
recent record of repeated Voting Rights Act violations to pre-clear
election law changes.
Expand the current “bail-in”
procedures, which allow courts to subject jurisdictions to
preclearance.
Create a uniform requirement to
inform voters of certain pending voting changes.
Enhance the ability of lawyers to
halt discriminatory election measures before they can harm citizens.
- Allow federal observers to monitor elections to ensure
compliance with laws protecting the rights of Americans who speak
limited English.